Common Building Types of Steel Structures

1. Frame Structures

One of the most common types of steel structures is the framed system. Here, steel braces, beams, and columns support the building’s load, forming a sturdy interior frame that functions similarly to a backbone. Their remarkable adaptability and capacity to accommodate multiple layouts make them attractive in a variety of sectors.

However, steel frame buildings tend to be more expensive than other options. They also require proper insulation to achieve energy efficiency. Proper planning, thoughtful design, and precise installation are all critical to ensure the structure’s integrity.

2. Truss Structures

Truss steel structures are typically used for long-span roofs or bridges. They consist of interconnected steel beams that form a triangular framework. Their incredible strength and light weight allow them to support heavy loads over large distances without additional columns.

Conversely, truss structures can be more complex to design and build, often requiring specialized knowledge and experience. They also need regular inspections to catch any signs of damage early. Lastly, these systems lack flexibility and can be difficult to modify once construction is complete.

3. Shell Structures

Steel shell structures are often used for buildings that need a smooth, curved surface, such as domes and roofs. This option is highly efficient, requiring fewer materials while providing strength and stability. Their aesthetic and flexible design make them popular for modern architectural projects.

Although shell structures have impressive strength, their construction is complex, requiring specialized labor and precision due to the curved geometry. Design flexibility can also be limited, especially when adding standard features like doors or windows. Their thin surfaces are also prone to cracks or distortion, so regular maintenance is essential.

4. Modular Steel Structures

Another popular type of steel structure is the modular steel frame. These prefabricated buildings are assembled off-site and transported to the location for quick assembly. Due to their cost-effectiveness and time-saving advantages, they’re the preferred option for temporary or relocatable projects.

While modular steel structures offer speed and efficiency, they may fall short for projects with highly specific needs or irregular dimensions. Standardized parts can also restrict creative freedom and limit custom design features. Additionally, their appearance might lack the architectural flair found in more traditional construction styles.